1. Chronology from Fara to Ur III (27th-21st c. BCE)
1.1. Presargonic Rulers (24)
- En1 = Enanatum I
- Enz = Enentarzi (2337-2332)
- Lug = Lugalanda (2331-2325)
- (Lug) = Lugalanda, but name does not appear in the document
- Ukg = Urukagina (2324-2315)
- (Ukg) = Urukagina, but name does not appear in the document
- Enš = Enšakušanna (dates OSP 1, p.115:1-3 = a-c)
- Lzag = Lugalzagesi (2324-2300) (date OSP 1, p.115:4 = a)
1.2. Akkade Dynasty (23)
- Srg = Sargon (2324-2285)
- Rim = Rīmuš (2284-70?)
- Man =Manistusu (2269?-62)
- NS = Narām-Suen (2261-2206)
- Škš = Šarkališarrē (2205-2181)
- Akk = Akkade Dynasty, ruler unknown
1.3. Lagaš II Dynasty (22)
- UrNĝ1 = Ur-Ninĝirsu I
- Pir = Piriĝme
- UrBa = Ur-Bau
- Gud = Gudea (c.2130-2110)
- UrNĝ2 = Ur-Ninĝirsu II
- Urĝ = Urniĝ/ĝar
- Urab = Urabba
- UrMa = Ur-Mama
- Nmḫ = Nammaḫni
- Kaku = Kaku
- LuBa = Lu-Bau
- Lugu = Lugula
- LgII = Lagaš II, ruler unknown
2. Chronological Overview of Various Third-Millennium Archives and Collections
Rulers | Palaeographic Phases | Main Archives and their Absolute Dates |
Fara | Fara/Šuruppag, Tell Abū Ṣālābiḫ = 26th c. | |
Enentarzi 1 – Urukagina 10 (2337-15)
Lugalzagesi (2324-2300) |
Umma (region) (from Enakale to Lugalzagesi 8): c. 2450-2317[1]
Adab (Eiginimpa’e to Urdu-Ašgi): c. 2440-2320[2] Ebla archives: c. 2360-23101Sallaberger/Schrakamp 2015: 96-100 Emunus Girsu (Enentarzi 5 – Urukagina 10): 2333-2315 Zabalam (Lugalzagesi): 2325-2300[3] Nippur (Pre- and Early Sargonic): c. 2340-2280?[4] Ur (Pre- and Early Sargonic, “Subur“): c. 2340-2280?[5] |
|
Sargon 2300-2285 | Early Sargonic (ES)[6]
c. 2300-2285 |
Umma A: c. 2300-2280[7]
Adab, “Meskigala texts“: c. 2320-2280[8] |
Rīmuš[9] & Manistusu 2284-62 | Middle Sargonic (MS)[10] c. 2285-2230 | MS Adab: c. 2280-40[11]
Umma B: c. 2260-2230[12] Gasur: c. 2260-2200?[13] Nippur, Enlile-maba (OSP 2): c. 2280-2230 |
Narām-Suen 2261-2206 | ||
Classic Sargonic (CS)
c. 2230-2180 |
Umma C;[14] Saĝub/Mesag archive;[15] Adab[16]; Isin[17]; Nippur, Akkadian texts; Nippur, Onion archive; Nippur;[18] Mugdan (MAD 5 66-101)[19]; Ĝirsu, governor’s archive[10]
Lugal-ra (Lagaš): c. 2210-2180; |
|
Šarkališarrē 2205-2181 | ||
Dudu 2177-57 | Late Sargonic (LS)
c. 2180-2110 |
Kiš? |
Šu-Durul 2156-42 | ||
Ur-Bau & Gudea c. 2140-10 | Lagas II c. 2140-2110 | Girsu, Lagaš II (Šaraisa etc.): c. 2140-2100 |
Ur III Dynasty 2110-2003 | undated Ur III tablets (if not early or e.g. Ur craft archive): c. 2060-2020 (i.e. Šulgi 33 to IS 7) |
[1] Estimated dates based on estimate of generations after Sallaberger/Schrakamp 2015: 83-84; Marchesi 2015: 142-143, 150-151; on the texts Bartash 2017; on the chronological distribution Notizia/Visicato 2016: 5-10, with an estimated time span of p. 2: “90 years“, based on the attested numbers of years (Sallaberger/Schrakamp 2015: 217).
[2] Dates based on the tables of Marchesi 2015: 142-143; on the texts Schrakamp 2015: 197.
[3] Powell 1978; the dissertation on this group by Armando Bramanti is still unpublished.
[4] Schrakamp 2015: 211-212.
[5] Schrakamp 2015: 221.
[6] Following Maiocchi 2009: xxi and Molina 2014: 28 with literature given in fn. 22.
[7] Sallaberger/Schrakamp 2015: 39-40; Marchesi 2015: 151; definition of archive by Foster 1982
[8] Sallaberger/Schrakamp 2015: 94-95: Meskigala from Lugalzagesi 7-25 until Rimuš 1-2; Marchesi 2015: 152, c. 300 texts; Bartash 2017: 2-3: Silim-Utu; e2-tur; Molina 2014: 29 no. 1-19; Pomponio 2015: 193 on the historical setting.
[9] For Rimuš as successor of Sargon see Schrakamp 2020b: 627 with references (against the testimony of USKL)
[10] Sallaberger/Schrakamp 2015: 108 fn. 337: references.
[11] Molina 2014: 29-30: “Early Narām-Suen tablets“, governors Šarru-alī and Lugal-ayaĝu, i.e. SCTRAH no. 20-311/329 and CUSAS 20 23.
[12] Sallaberger/Schrakamp 2015: 40: “first half of the reign of Naramsuen“; definition of archive by Foster 1982
[13] Schrakamp 2015: 231: “dating to the (earlier?) reign of Naramsuen based on palaeography, tablet format, metrology and the occurrence of a Sumerian verbal form with e-prefix is nowadays preferred“.
[14] Sallaberger/Schrakamp 2015: 40; definition of archive by Foster 1982
[15] Schrakamp 2015: 255 and 2020b: 666.
[16] OIP 14, Adab, BdI 1, CUSAS 13 19 are the main publications after Bartash 2017: 3.
[17] Bartash 2017: 3: CUSAS 26, 45-59; CUSAS 35, 364-378; Schrakamp 2015: 235.
[18] Overview Schrakamp 2015: 253-254.
[19] Schrakamp 2015: 249.
[20] Schrakamp 2015: 237.
[21] Milano/Westenholz 2015: 16: “late in Sharkalissharri’s reign“.
3. Chronology of the Ur III period (21st c. BCE)
Šu = Šulgi (2092-2045)
AS = Amar-Suena (2044-2036)
ŠS = Šu-Suen (2035-2027)
IS = Ibbi-Suen (2026-2003)
3.1. Absolute dates of the Ur III kings
Šulgi | |||||
Year 1 | 2092 | Year 17 | 2076 | Year 33 | 2060 |
Year 2 | 2091 | Year 18 | 2075 | Year 34 | 2059 |
Year 3 | 2090 | Year 19 | 2074 | Year 35 | 2058 |
Year 4 | 2089 | Year 20 | 2073 | Year 36 | 2057 |
Year 5 | 2088 | Year 21 | 2072 | Year 37 | 2056 |
Year 6 | 2087 | Year 22 | 2071 | Year 38 | 2055 |
Year 7 | 2086 | Year 23 | 2070 | Year 39 | 2054 |
Year 8 | 2085 | Year 24 | 2069 | Year 40 | 2053 |
Year 9 | 2084 | Year 25 | 2068 | Year 41 | 2052 |
Year 10 | 2083 | Year 26 | 2067 | Year 42 | 2051 |
Year 11 | 2082 | Year 27 | 2066 | Year 43 | 2050 |
Year 12 | 2081 | Year 28 | 2065 | Year 44 | 2049 |
Year 13 | 2080 | Year 29 | 2064 | Year 45 | 2048 |
Year 14 | 2079 | Year 30 | 2063 | Year 46 | 2047 |
Year 15 | 2078 | Year 31 | 2062 | Year 47 | 2046 |
Year 16 | 2077 | Year 32 | 2061 | Year 48 | 2045 |
Amar-Suena | |
Year 1 | 2044 |
Year 2 | 2043 |
Year 3 | 2042 |
Year 4 | 2041 |
Year 5 | 2040 |
Year 6 | 2039 |
Year 7 | 2038 |
Year 8 | 2037 |
Year 9 | 2036 |
Šu-Suen | |
Year 1 | 2035 |
Year 2 | 2034 |
Year 3 | 2033 |
Year 4 | 2032 |
Year 5 | 2031 |
Year 6 | 2030 |
Year 7 | 2029 |
Year 8 | 2028 |
Year 9 | 2027 |
Ibbi-Suen | |||
Year 1 | 2026 | Year 13 | 2014 |
Year 2 | 2025 | Year 14 | 2013 |
Year 3 | 2024 | Year 15 | 2012 |
Year 4 | 2023 | Year 16 | 2011 |
Year 5 | 2022 | Year 17 | 2010 |
Year 6 | 2021 | Year 18 | 2009 |
Year 7 | 2020 | Year 19 | 2008 |
Year 8 | 2019 | Year 20 | 2007 |
Year 9 | 2018 | Year 21 | 2006 |
Year 10 | 2017 | Year 22 | 2005 |
Year 11 | 2016 | Year 23 | 2004 |
Year 12 | 2015 | Year 24 | 2003 |